Fair warning, I’m only going to cover the very basics of this topic. For further reading, I recommend visiting Grammar Girl (http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/grammar-girl) who has a couple of excellent articles on her website covering this issue. The topic of Passive Voice comes up a lot in conversations with other writers, and frequently the term gets used to refer to inactive verb choice. In the same breath, “passive voice” is often labeled as something that should absolutely never be used.
In
actuality, passive voice is a very handy grammatical construct that can be
useful in the right situations.
Let’s start
by first defining exactly what it is. In short, passive voice is
when a
sentence is constructed so that the subject of the sentence is being acted on
rather than doing the acting. Look at these example sentences:
1. Bill and Jane started running the gauntlet.
2. Bill and Jane ran the gauntlet.
3. The gauntlet was run by Bill and Jane.
Example
number 3 is the sentence constructed using passive voice. The first example—the
example that can wrongly be referred to as passive voice—is actually simply the
use of a weaker verb construction. That’s not to say the weaker construction is
wrong either. This might be exactly what you mean to say. But it’s not the
strongest verb choice in the examples. The stronger verb choice, and the
active sentence, is shown in example 2.
Generally,
when writing fiction, example 2 is the kind of sentence you want to lean
toward. Active voice, strong verb, reads well, says what you want it to say,
simple and straight-forward.
In
contrast, sentences written in passive voice are often awkward to read. The
sentence doesn’t really say what you want it to, or it is too convoluted for a
reader to navigate smoothly. If you haven’t used the passive construction on
purpose, your writing can feel stilted and create distance with your reader.
Passive voice tends to require more words as well. The writing will feel
tighter if active voice is used. As a side note, if active verbs are used, the
writing also feels tighter. I suspect this is why the two grammar issues are
often confused.
Another
mistake people tend to make is assuming that every form of “to be” represents
passive voice. This isn’t true. There’s no reason to shun “to be” in all cases.
Sometimes, “to be” is the only verb that fits the sentence.
So when is
passive voice actually a good thing? Occasionally, particularly in speech
writing and corporate memos, passive voice comes in handy when trying to
deflect blame. A classic example is: “Mistakes were made.” By delivering the
sentence this way, the speaker isn’t saying exactly who made those mistakes or
accepting blame for the mistakes directly. Passive voice is great at spinning
facts so that the person using it isn’t actually lying, but they aren’t exactly
being upfront with the full truth.
How can
that help in your fiction? If you have a politician or CEO giving a speech, for
example, they might require passive voice in their dialogue. It’s even possible
your protagonist will use passive voice in their internal thoughts or in
dialogue to avoid accepting blame for their actions. Used with conscious
thought, passive voice can actually be a very powerful tool in your writer’s
arsenal. It’s just important to recognize what it is and why you’re using it.
Understanding
what passive voice is will enable you to avoid it where you don’t want it and
use it when the writing calls for it. As with all grammar topics, knowing the
“rules” is the only way to effectively use or break them in service of your
fiction. Once you understand the difference between active and passive voice,
you’ll ensure your writing is filled with exactly the types of sentences you
intend.♥
Isabo Kelly highly recommends writers
hunt up actual grammar experts for more on this topic. She still works at
weeding the occasional inadvertent appearance of passive voice out of her own
writing. Her latest fantasy romance release THE DARKNESS OF GLENGOWYN (Fire
and Tears #2) benefits greatly from active voice. For more on Isabo visit her
at www.isabokelly.com, follow her on Twitter @IsaboKelly, or friend her on
Facebook www.facebook.com/IsaboKelly.